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The 42 Macro Investment Process

Darius joined our friend Tony Sablan on the Unscripted Arena podcast to discuss Darius’ unique background, the 42 Macro risk management process, overcoming cognitive biases in investing, and more.

If you missed the interview, here are the three most important takeaways from the conversation that have significant implications for your portfolio: 

1. Stop Relying On Predictions If You Want To Make Money In Financial Markets

Making money in asset markets is not about predicting future developments in the economy. It is impossible to generate consistently accurate forecasts for every relevant growth, inflation, and policy catalyst, across economic cycles. Moreover, any investor who believes they can accurately forecast the future with enough precision to position for each meaningful surprise in the data relative to consensus expectations is either a newsletter-writing charlatan or someone who has succumbed to the Illusion of Validity. 

Instead, making and saving money in asset markets is about positioning yourself on the right side of market risk, which equates to being long assets that are trending higher and short or out of assets that are trending lower. 

An overwhelming focus on predicting the future will only hinder your ability to respond to critical inflections in momentum with enough speed and confidence to manage risk consistently and effectively. You don’t have to predict things like “liquidity”, “flows”, etc. to benefit from trends and inflections in those cycles, just as long as you remain disciplined about your risk management process. 

2. Investors Should Position According To The Current Market Regime

The 42 Macro Risk Management Process simplifies complex market dynamics into a clear and straightforward three-step approach:

  1. Identify and position for the Market Regime
  2. Prepare for regime change using quantitative signals with our Macro Weather Model
  3. Prepare for regime change using qualitative signals via our fundamental research

Since mid-November, we have remained in a risk-on Market Regime, currently REFLATION. That means you should have been overweight risk assets like stocks, credit, commodities, and crypto and underweight defensive assets like Treasury bonds and the US dollar every day since. 

As an institutional investor, you should also understand the key portfolio construction considerations for each Market Regime. If you need help understanding these critical factor tilts, we are here to help.

3. Our Macro Weather Model Systematically Nowcasts Momentum Across The Principal Components of Macro

The Macro Weather Model is our process for analyzing several principal components of macro and translating those components into a 3-month outlook for major asset classes, including stocks, bonds, the dollar, commodities, and Bitcoin.

This model monitors indicators that reflect both the real economy cycles and financial economy cycles:

Currently, the Macro Weather Model suggests a bearish three-month outlook for stocks and bonds, a neutral three-month outlook for commodities and Bitcoin, and a bullish three-month outlook for the US dollar. In totality, our Macro Weather Model currently suggests the Market Regime has a moderate risk of experiencing a RORO phase transition (i.e., risk-on to risk-off, or vice versa) to a risk-off Market Regime within three months. 

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful, explore our research for exclusive, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights you can act on today.

How Much Longer Can The Bull Run Last?

Darius joined our friend Paul Barron this week to discuss the outlook on inflation, Bitcoin, the US economy, and more. 

If you missed the interview, here are the three most important takeaways from the conversation that have significant implications for your portfolio: 

1. Inflation Is Likely To Decline Over The Next Three To Six Months

At 42 Macro, we find it more insightful to track inflation using three-month and six-month rates of change than the year-over-year rate, which tends to meaningfully lag the market cycle. 

Using the three-month rate of change, our analysis indicates a significant increase in the rate at which shelter CPI and housing PCE are decelerating, indicating that the general trend of inflation is heading lower over the medium term.

However, if asset markets remain buoyant, the anticipated disinflation priced into consensus expectations and forecasted by the FOMC may not materialize over the medium term.

2. Although Bitcoin Is Likely To Reach High Valuations, The Path To Get There Is Uncertain

In the interview, Darius and Paul watched a clip from the All-In podcast in which Chamath Palihapitiya, the founder, and CEO of Social Capital, discussed potential price targets for Bitcoin over the next 18 months. Darius agreed with two aspects of Chamath’s analysis: omitting data from the first cycle and including time horizons for the price targets. 

However, we believe his analysis lacked a critical component: the path Bitcoin takes to reach those targets. To that point, we have yet to experience the typical median max drawdown seen in liquidity cycle upturns. Our research indicates that the median max drawdown for Bitcoin in a liquidity cycle upturn is around -61%. 

A decline of just half of that magnitude will cause many investors to exit their positions prematurely. At 42 Macro, our goal is to help investors stay in the market while avoiding significant drawdowns of their portfolio along the way.

3. Growth And Inflation May Pose Risks To Markets As We Reach Q1 2025

As we head into 2025, two primary risks loom over the markets. 

First, growth is likely to slow to levels that would worry many investors by Q1 2025. Second, inflation is likely to bottom out sometime in Q4-Q1 at a level inconsistent with the Fed’s 2% target.

Overall, we remain in a risk-on Market Regime and do not yet believe it is time to book the significant gains we and our clients have achieved since we called for the bull run at the start of November. However, after the next three to six months, forward-looking markets will likely recognize that growth and inflation trends in 2025 may not be as supportive as they are now.

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful, explore our research for exclusive, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights you can act on today.

Renewed Fears Of A No-Landing Scenario

Darius joined our friend Nicole Petallides on Schwab Network last week to discuss 42 Macro’s risk management signals, the resiliency of the US economy, the outlook for asset markets, and more.

If you missed the interview, here is the most important takeaway from the conversation that has significant implications for your portfolio: 

The Divergence Between Fed And Treasury Policy Creates A Complex Environment For Investors And Requires An Increased Reliance On Risk Management Signals Over Fundamental Predictions

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful:

1. Go to www.42macro.com to unlock actionable, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights.

2. RT this thread and follow @DariusDale42 and @42Macro.

3. Have a great day!

What Comes Next for the Economy?

Darius joined our friend SpotGamma last week for their ‘PNL for a Purpose’ interview series to discuss our Macro Weather Model, Liquidity, the US economy, and more. 

If you missed the interview, here are the three most important takeaways from the conversation that have significant implications for your portfolio: 

1. Our Macro Weather Model Currently Indicates A Poor Three-Month Outlook For Asset Markets

At 42 Macro, we monitor several crucial economic cycles simultaneously. We track five Real Economy Cycles: growth, inflation, the labor market, corporate profits, and fiscal policy. Additionally, we track five Financial Economy Cycles: liquidity, credit, interest rates, and investor positioning from both a fear and greed perspective.

We have developed our Macro Weather Model to systematically assess our position within these cycles and their potential impact on asset markets over the medium term.

Currently, our Macro Weather Model forecasts a bearish outlook for both the stock and bond markets, a bullish outlook for the US Dollar, and a neutral outlook for commodities and Bitcoin.

2. Up Until Recently, The Treasury Department Had Been Contributing To Positive US Liquidity Dynamics In This General Election Year

We track US Liquidity via our 42 Macro Net Liquidity model, which is calculated by taking the Federal Reserve Balance Sheet and subtracting the Treasury General Account (TGA) Balance and the Reverse Repo Program (RRP) Balance.

Since Q2 2023, the Treasury has been drawing down the RRP balance to finance itself, reducing the balance from $2.5 trillion to $506 billion. This reduction has positively influenced asset markets.

However, since last month, the decline in the RRP balance has stalled out and is no longer supportive of liquidity, contributing to the recent correction observed in asset markets.

3. A “No Landing” Remains Our Highest-Probability Economic Scenario For The US Economy On A NTM Time Horizon

We forecast growth and inflation using our statistical models, which predict growth to be above consensus and inflation to remain above the Fed’s 2% mandate over the next year. 

While we are not concerned about a recession, we are wary of the potential for asset markets to reprice the forward rate curve, similar to what happened in 2022. Currently, significant rate cuts are being priced in: two cuts in 2024, two in 2025, one in 2026, and one or two more for the longer term.

However, the forward rate curve could flatten over the medium term if the Federal Reserve and Treasury ceased supporting asset markets with dovish net financing policies and dovish forward guidance.

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful, explore our research for exclusive, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights you can act on today.

Navigating Conflicting Economic Data

Darius joined Charles Payne on Fox Business last week to discuss the US economy, inflation, the Fed, and more.

If you missed the interview, here is the most important takeaway from the conversation that has significant implications for your portfolio:

Recent Economic Data Gave Conflicting Signals To Investors. A Systematic, Rules-Based Investing Approach Is The Best Method To Generate Positive Returns In Today’s Confusing Macro Environment.

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful, go to www.42macro.com to unlock actionable, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights.

Could The Election Make Assets Explode?

Darius joined our friend Anthony Pompliano this week to discuss the Q2 Quarterly Refunding Announcement, US Liquidity, the outlook on asset markets, and more.

If you missed the interview, here are the three most important takeaways from the conversation that have significant implications for your portfolio:

1. Janet Yellen Sent A Hawkish Message To Investors Via The Q2 Quarterly Refunding Announcement

This week’s release of the Q2 Quarterly Refunding Announcement sheds light on the Treasury’s net financing estimates for both the current and upcoming quarters, projections for the Treasury General Account (TGA) balance, and more.

Within the announcement, two key data points stand out: the Privately Held Net Marketable Borrowing totals for the current and next quarters, and the Treasury General Account Target Balance. For the current quarter, the Federal Reserve estimates a need to borrow $243 billion in net marketable borrowing from the private sector, marking a $41 billion increase compared to the previous Quarterly Refunding Announcement.

Looking ahead, projections for privately held net marketable borrowing for the next quarter have surged to $847 billion, representing a significant $604 billion uptick from the preceding quarter. This increase coincides with a notable $100 billion raise in the TGA account target balance. These figures paint a picture of a Treasury issuing a decidedly hawkish signal to market participants.

2. US Liquidity Dynamics Shifted Negatively In April

We track US Liquidity via our 42 Macro Net Liquidity model which is calculated by taking the Federal Reserve Balance Sheet and subtracting the Treasury General Account (TGA) Balance and the Reverse Repo Program (RRP) Balance.

Throughout much of 2023, the Treasury adopted a net financing strategy aimed at accessing the surplus funds held on the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet, primarily through the reduction of the RRP balance. Beginning last year at $2.5 trillion, the RRP balance has steadily decreased to its current level of $506 billion. This move notably bolstered asset markets.

However, since the start of April, both the RRP and TGA balances have shifted in a manner less supportive of liquidity, actually draining it. This trend has contributed to the recent correction observed across asset markets.

3. The Backdrop For Asset Markets Is Becoming Less Bullish At The Margins

Our “Resilient US Economy”, “Green Shoots Globally”, and “China Front Loading Stimulus” themes persist, all of which are supportive of asset markets.

However, our “Sticky Inflation” theme is now a dominant driver of asset markets. Moreover, the US Dollar has broken out to a bullish condition according to our Volatility Adjusted Momentum Signal. This is significant as the Dollar’s movement is inversely correlated with global liquidity on a coincident basis.

Presently, we are witnessing a transition from a simultaneous dovish stance in both Fed and Treasury policy towards one that is net neutral, given the Treasury’s hawkish pivot this week. This shift represents a less bullish environment for asset markets.

That’s a wrap!

If you found this blog post helpful, go to www.42macro.com/research to unlock actionable, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights.

Have a great day!

Risk On Or Risk Off?

Darius joined our friend Anthony Crudele last week to discuss the current market regime, the 42 Macro Positioning Model, inflation, and more.

If you missed the interview, here are the three most important takeaways from the conversation that have significant implications for your portfolio: 

1. Our Positioning Model Nailed The Correction In Risk Assets 

Heading into this month, our 42 Macro Positioning Model, which tracks several short-term tactical indicators, including the AAII Bulls-Bears Spread, S&P 500 Implied Correlations, and AAII Cash Allocation, flagged an elevated risk of a tactical pullback.

These indicators suggested the market was overextended from a short-term perspective.

Whether a geopolitical catalyst occurred or not, we expected a pullback. 

2. The “Immaculate Disinflation” Theme Is Dead

The latest March PPI and CPI figures supported our “Sticky Inflation” theme. Super Core CPI surged to 7.9% on a three-month annualized basis, three times the pre-COVID trend and well above the Fed’s 2% inflation target.

Across most sub-categories of CPI and PPI, as well as leading indicators like NFIB or the UMich surveys, there is an array of disconfirming evidence in the “Immaculate Disinflation” narrative. At this juncture, we believe that the “Immaculate Disinflation” theme is over.

3. “Sticky Inflation” Is Not Bearish In Isolation 

Our “Jay And Janet Want A Soft Landing” theme hinges on two key factors. First, the Federal Reserve is more dovish than necessary. Second, Treasury net financing policy is contributing to favorable liquidity dynamics in this general election year. 

Given these ongoing dynamics, we maintain that investors need not worry about inflation pressures in isolation. Unless the Fed or Treasury takes action to address sticky inflation, we believe asset markets can continue to perform well over a medium-term investment horizon.

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful:

1. Go to www.42macro.com to unlock actionable, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights.

2. RT this thread and follow @DariusDale42 and @42Macro.

3. Have a great day!

Is There Further Upside Risk In Asset Markets?

Darius joined David Hunter last week on our Pro to Pro Live to discuss the 42 Macro Positioning Model, the outlook for asset markets, our “Green Shoots Globally” theme, and more.

If you missed the interview, here are the three most important takeaways from the conversation that have significant implications for your portfolio: 

1. Our Positioning Model Suggests There Is Likely Additional Risk To The Upside Over The Medium Term

Bears have found themselves reluctant to join the recent rally in equities. 

Our 42 Macro Positioning Model monitors the aggregated non-commercial net length as a percentage of total open interest in the combined futures and options markets for US Equities. Currently, this indicator sits in the 33rd percentile of readings, notably lower than the median reading of the 62nd percentile seen at major bull market peaks.

Despite the significant market rally, we have yet to witness the structural upside capitulation characteristic of bull market peaks. This absence suggests there is likely potential for further upside over the medium term, although there may be a correction in the near term.

2. Cash On The Sidelines Stays On The Sidelines Until There Are Reasons For It To Exit

Currently, over $6 trillion is parked in money market funds. 

Our analysis, spanning the last four cycles—2020, 2008, 2001, and 1991 —reveals a consistent pattern: cash on the sidelines tends to stay put in these funds until after a crash, recession, and rate cuts have each taken place.

We anticipate this cycle will follow suit, with the bulk of cash on the sidelines staying put until these pivotal events unfold.

3. “Green Shoots Globally” Continues To Support Risk Assets

In January, we authored our “Green Shoots Globally” theme that was supportive of asset markets.

The theme persists, as our models show that every major economy in the world has a Composite PMI trending higher—a bullish leading indicator suggesting what is likely to occur over the next three to six months from an economic standpoint. 

Moreover, we track the number of industries reporting growth in the ISM Manufacturing survey. In December, that number bottomed. Our backtests have found that in the year following the bottom, the S&P generates a median return of 28%. While this is just one data cyclical framework to respect, it strongly suggests that the broadening of market breadth stemming from improving global fundamentals is likely to continue.

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful:

1. Go to www.42macro.com to unlock actionable, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights.

2. RT this thread and follow @DariusDale42 and @42Macro.

3. Have a great day!

Managing Risk in a Risk-On Environment

Darius joined Caroline Woods on Schwab Network last week to discuss the current risk-on Market Regime and its implications for asset markets.

If you missed the interview, here is the most important takeaway from the conversation that has significant implications for your portfolio: 

The Market Remains In A Risk-On Regime, And We Believe It Has Room to Run

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful:

1. Go to www.42macro.com to unlock actionable, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights.

2. RT this thread and follow @DariusDale42 and @42Macro.

3. Have a great day!

What Does REFLATION Mean For Your Portfolio?

Darius joined Adam Taggart on Thoughtful Money this week to discuss the current REFLATION Market Regime, the resiliency of the US economy, the US consumer, and more.

If you missed the interview, here are the three most important takeaways from the conversation that have significant implications for your portfolio: 

1. Investors Should Position In Line With The Current REFLATION Regime

Our 42 Macro Risk Management Process simplifies complex market dynamics into a straightforward three-step approach:

  1. Position for the Market Regime
  2. Prepare for regime change using quantitative signals with our Macro Weather Model
  3. Prepare for regime change using qualitative signals via our fundamental research

Currently, we are in a REFLATION Market Regime. In this environment, investors should consider the following key portfolio construction considerations:

To consistently stay on the right side of market risk, investors should position in accordance with the prevailing Market Regime. 

2. The Resilient US Economy Does Not Require Rate Cuts, But The Fed Wants To Cut Rates Anyway

According to the March 2024 Fed Dot Plot, the Fed is guiding to three rate cuts in 2024, three in 2025, and three in 2026.

At the same time, the US Economy continues to prove resilient across various metrics, including income, consumption, and the labor market. 

While we maintain the view that the resilience of the US economy does not justify rate cuts, the Fed’s inclination towards cutting rates has served as a positive driver for asset markets. 

3. The US Consumer is Resilient Because of The West Village-Montauk Effect

The essence of the “West Village-Montauk Effect” can be summarized as follows: With a substantial stock of savings, there is less pressure to save a significant portion of your disposable income. 

We are witnessing this effect in relation to the US consumer. Since the close of 2019, both households and corporations have experienced a boost in wealth:

This notable growth primarily occurred due to government spending during 2020 and 2021, which included COVID-related tax breaks, forgivable PPP loans, and extensions of jobless claims. A considerable portion of this expenditure entered private sector balance sheets. Simultaneously, as household and corporate net worth expanded, the monthly flow of US Personal Savings turned negative, demonstrating the eagerness of US consumers to spend a higher share of their disposable income due to the elevated stock of savings.

That’s a wrap! 

If you found this blog post helpful:

1. Go to www.42macro.com to unlock actionable, hedge-fund-caliber investment insights.

2. RT this thread and follow @DariusDale42 and @42Macro.

3. Have a great day!